The Shaykhis of
Ādhirbayjān
-
Tabrīz, etc
IN PROGRESS 2009-10
Mullā Ḥasan Gawhar
(d. 1266/1849)
=
Shaykh Ḥasan ibn
`Alī [of Qarāja Dāghī] al- Tabrīzi
(d.1266/1849)
Mullā Ḥasan Gawhar
[Jawhar]
(d. 1266/1849 CE) is actually Shaykh Ḥasan ibn `Alī al-Tabrizi
of the village of Qarāja Dāghī near Tabriz, hence he has the
designations al-Qarāja al-Dāghī / al-Tabrīzī. He had studied in
Najaf with some of the leading `ulama of the time including Shaykh Musa
ibn Shaykh Ja`far Najafi and is credited with a wide and impressive
range of learning. He eventually became a leading Shaykhī
with an ijāza ("certificate of competency") from Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i
(d. 1826 CE). Among his writings covering aspects of Tafsir, Hadith,
Usul al-fiqh, Shaykhi apologetics and more besides, the following
largely Arabic (and a few Persian) works -- one or two of which have
been printed in the 19th-21st centuries -- may be noted:
-
(1) Ajwaba Masā'il in
response of various questions written at the direction of Shaykh
Ahmad.
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(2) al-Makhāzin = Makhāzin
jawāhir asrar al-tanzil ("The Treasuries of the jewels of the
mysteries of the revelation") incorporating the ḥikma ("Wisdom") of
the `People of the House of Prophethood and of the Sent Messengers'
(ahl al-bayt al-nubuwwa wa'l-risāla) or about al-mabdā' (the
genesis-origin) and al-mithāl (the images-similitudes).
Printed with (3) below in the compilation al-Barāhīn al-sāṭa`a fī
al-ḥikma (see below).
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(3) al-Lama`āt anwār al-hidaya
wa'l-rashad ("The Brilliances of the Lights of Guidance and the
Right Course") about al-mabdā' (the genesis-origin) and al-ma`ād
(the eschatological return). Concluded in 1239/1823. A mss.
exists in the Library of Shaykh Muhammad Rida' Faraj-Allah in Najaf
written by Sayyid Kazim ibn Mustafa Ha`iri at the command of
his teacher Mirza Muhammad Ibrahim Ha'iri in 1294/1877. Printed in
Tabriz in 1351/1932 (see below).
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(2+3) al-Barāhīn al-sāṭa`a fī
al-ḥikma ("The Illuminating Proofs regarding Hikma [Wisdom]").
This was printed in Karbala and Tabriz in 1351/1932 and incorporates
a combined reprinting of items (2) and (3) above. A extended version
of this compilation was apparently also printed in Karbala in
1385/1966. See Taliqani, al-Shaykhiyya, 185.
-
(4) A poetical Dīwān.
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(5) Risāla fī ta`wīl āyāt al-nahl
("A Treatise in the inner sense [s] of the [qur'anic] verse of the
Bee"), probably in exposition of Qur'an 16:68. The Bab also titled
and `rewrote' as sura of his Qayyum al-asma' (QA. 93 or 4) after
this qur'anic sura.
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(6) Risāla fī'l-Salat
("Treatise on the Obligatory Prayer").
-
(7) Risāla
fī'l-Sawm("Treatise on Fasting").
-
(8) Risāla fī'l-ma`na qawl
al-nabī, `ulamā' ummatī afḍal min anbiyā' bani Isra'il ("The `ulama'
(divines, clerics) of my community (ummatī) are more favoured (afḍal)
than the prophets (anbiyā') of the children of Israel (bani Isra'il)").
-
(9) Risāla fī'l-ithbat
ḍilālat al-Hajji [Mirza Muhammad] Karim Khan Kirmani ("Treatise in
Establishment of the Erroneous Position of Hajji Karim Khan Kirmani)
In manuscript.
-
(10) Risāla`ilmiyya
fī'l-`ibadāt ("Learned Treatise on the modes of servitude"). In
Arabic.
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(11) Risāla`ilmiyya
fī'l-`ibadāt ("Learned Treatise on the modes of servitude"). In
Persian.
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(12) Sharh ḥayāt al-arwāḥ
("Commentary on the Life of the Spirits") on the fundamentals of
Shi`i doctrine incorporating a refutation of Shaykh Muhammad Ja`far
al-Astarabadi who had written in refutation of [Shaykh Ahmad] al-Ahsa'i
Printed in 260 pp. in Tabriz in 1376/1956. Recently reprinted as a
massive volume (see above) at the behest of `Abd al-Rasūl al-Iḥqāqī
in a 2nd edition/ printing, Dawlat al-Kuwait : (`Abd al-Rasūl al-Iḥqāqī)
Jāmi` al-Imam al-Sādiq, 1423/2002. 881pp. + Index pp. 883-4. This
volume by the Adhirbayjani born anti-Babi Shaykhi with the laqab
Jawhar or Gawhar deals with the centrally important Shi`i doctrines
: Sect. 1 On Tawḥīd (the Divine Unity) pp.27-112 in 5 sub-sections;
Sect.2 on `Adl (the Divine Justice) pp.115 -208 in 24 subsections;
Sect. 3 on Nubuwwa (Prophethood ) pp. 213-302 in 5 (+1) subsections;
Sect. 4 on the Imāma (the Imamate), pp.351-678 with 5 sub-sections;
Sect. 5 On al-Ma`ad al-jismānī (On the [Eschatological] Bodily
Return pp. 679-880 in 5 subsections).
-
(13) Mukhtasar Sharh ḥayāt
al-arwāḥ ("Synopsis-Abbreviated Version of the Commentary on the
Life of the Spirits") See (12) above.
-
(14) Sharh Khuṭba al-Imam al-Riḍā'
fi'l-tawḥid ("Commentary on the Sermon of [eighth] Imam [`Ali] al-Rida'
on the Divine Unity") found in the `Uyun al-akhbar of Shaykh al-Saduq
or Ibn Babuwayh al-Qumi. A manuscript of this work exists in the
general al-Ha`iri Library in Karbala (Iraq) (refer al-Taliqani, al-Shaykiyya,
185).
-
(15)
-
(16)
For soem biographical and
bibliographical notes see Sayyid Muhammad Hasan Taliqani, al-Shaykhiyya...
(Beirut 1420/1999), pp.183-6 and the `Abd al-Rasūl al-Iḥqāqī
introduction to the 2nd 2002 Kuwayti edition of Sharh ḥayāt al-arwāḥ
(pp. 3-10).
Mulla Hasan Gawhar made something of an unsuccessful
leadership bid after the passing of Sayyid Kazim Rashti in 1259/1843 and
opposed his rival claimants to Shaykhi leadership and authority Hajji
Mirza Muhammad Karim Khan Kirmani (d. 1871 CE) and the Dayyid `li
Muhammad Dhitazi, the Bab. An early opponent of the Bab he was
present at the gathering convened for the trial of the important
disciple of the Bab named Mulla `Ali Bastami (d. Istanbul 184? CE) by
the Ottoman official Najib Pasha.
Shaykh Muhammad [Ḥujjat al-Islam] ibn Ḥusayn ibn Zayn al-Ābidīn ibn
`Alī ibn Ibrāhīm al-Māmaqānī (d.1269/1852)
Māmaqānī , Mīrzā Muhammad
Ḥusayn [Ḥujjat al-Islam], (d. 1303/1885).
Shaykh Muhammad Taqī, Ḥujjat
al-Islam Māmaqānī (b. Tabriz 1248/1832 -- d.
11th Ramadan 1312/ 8th March 1895).
See Bamdad, Rijal 3:325.
Scanned from `Abd al-Rasūl
al-Ihqāqī, al-Taḥqīq fī madrasa.. (Pt.1), 60-61
Māmaqānī, Shaykh Ismā'īl Muhammad
[Ḥujjat
al-Islam], (d.1317/1899)
Māmaqānī, Mīrzā Abu'l-Qāsim [Ḥujjat al-Islam] Māmaqānī
(d.1362/1943)
_______________________
Hajji Shaykh Assad-Allah Mamaqani
- Maslak al-Imam fi Salāmat al-Islam. Istanbul,
1910. No author named. Anon.
- Refer Iranian intellectuals in the 20th century By Ali Gheissari,
p. 32.
`Abd-Allah Mamaqani
_________________
Add ... Mirza Hasan Gawhar... Māmaqānī,
